​45# steel is carbon structural steel with carbon content of 0.45%. It is characterized by cheap price, good cutting performance, high hardness after quenching, [SCALE STEEL]good strength and toughness and certain wear resistance after quenching and tempering treatment. It is widely used in the manufacture of structural parts and medium and low grade plastic molds.
"45# steel" is a popular name, the symbol is generally[SCALE STEEL] written as "45#".Actually GB standard steel number is "45", it is not a serial number, read as "45# steel" is not very accurate.
Chemicals
The similar grades of 45 steel are S45C(JIS) and 1045(AISI).In addition, China's metallurgical technology standards have SM45 marks specifically [SCALE STEEL]indicated the use of plastic mold.Compared with 45 steel, SM45 steel has lower phosphorus and sulfur content and better steel purity.

Standards GB/T 699 Grades 45
C 0.42~0.50 Cr ≤0.25
Si 0.17~0.37 Ni ≤0.30
Mn 0.50~0.80 Cu ≤0.25
P,S P S
(45) ≤0.035 ≤0.035
(45A) ≤0.030 ≤0.030
(45E) ≤0.025[SCALE STEEL] ≤0.020
Standards YB/T 094 AISI JIS G4051
Grades SM45 1045 S45C
C 0.42~0.48 0.43~0.50 0.42~0.48
Si 0.17~0.37 -- 0.15~0.35
Mn 0.50~0.80 0.60~0.90 0.60~0.90
P ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
S ≤0.030 ≤0.050[SCALE STEEL] ≤0.035

Mechanical Property（GB/T 699-1999）
Sample Size（mm） 25
Suggested Heat Treatment（℃） Normalizing 850
Quenching 840
Tempering 600
Mechanical Property Tensile StrengthMPa ≥600
Yield Strength MPa ≥355
Elongation%[SCALE STEEL] ≥16
Reduction of Area% ≥40
Impact Test Value J ≥39
HBS Before Heat Treatment ≤229
Annealing ≤197
Note: For steel larger than 80mm, the elongation and section shrinkage after fracture are allowed to be reduced by 2% and 5% respectively compared with the above table.

Heat Treatment and Hardness
Recommended quenching process specification: [SCALE STEEL]quenching temperature is 820~860℃, water or oil cold, hardness ≥50HRC.
The recommended tempering process specification: tempering temperature is 500~560℃, air cooling, hardness is 25~33HRC.
Tempering in this temperature range is a tempering treatment.The strength, plasticity and toughness of 45 steel are well balanced by tempering and tempering, and the comprehensive performance is good, which can adapt to the environment of alternating load.
After tempering and tempering, 45 steel has [SCALE STEEL]low surface hardness and no wear resistance.So commonly used quenching and tempering + surface hardening to improve the surface hardness of parts.

Relationship between Temperature and Hardness under Tempering Treatment:
Tempering
Tem Quenching Unit（℃）
200 300 400 500 550 600

HRC 57 55 50 41 33 26 22

Note: ① quenching is water quenching at 840℃.(2) 45 steel after quenching without tempering, hardness is greater than HRC55 [SCALE STEEL](up to HRC62) is qualified.The maximum hardness of practical application is HRC55 (HRC58 for high frequency quenching).

5CrNiMo is a kind of hot die steel.Often referred to as 5CrMnMo.Both are low alloy steels (alloy content ≤5%), low carbon content, have good hardenability[SCALE STEEL] and impact toughness, used for the die with low temperature and large impact load, such as hammer forging die.

▶ 5CrNiMo、5CrMnMo Chemical Composition Comparation:

Grades 5CrNiMo 5CrMnMo
C 0.50~0.60 0.50~0.60
Si ≤0.40 0.25~0.60
Mn 0.50~0.80 1.20~1.60
Cr 0.50~0.80 0.60~0.90
Ni 1.40~1.80 ≤0.25
Mo 0.15~0.30 0.15~0.30
Cu ≤0.25 ≤0.25

5CrMnMo replaces nickel with manganese, which is the joint nickel steel of 5CrNiMo. Its strength is slightly higher than that of 5CrNiMo, but its hardenability and impact toughness are obviously lower, and its heat resistance fatigue performance [SCALE STEEL]is also slightly inferior.According to the different performance characteristics of the two, 5CrNiMo is mostly used in the manufacture of medium-sized (die height greater than 300mm) or complex cavity hot forging dies;And 5CrMnMo is suitable for making small forging dies (die height less than 300mm).
5CrNiMo has good toughness and hardenability, and is insensitive to size effect.High strength can be maintained under 400℃, but the strength drops sharply above 400℃. For example, when the temperature rises to 550℃, the yield point drops by nearly half compared with room temperature.
Hot work die steels can be divided into low heat resistant steels (350 ~ 370℃), medium heat resistant steels (550 ~ 600℃) and high heat[SCALE STEEL] resistant steels (580 ~ 650℃) according to different working temperatures.According to this definition, 5CrNiMo is a low heat resistance and high toughness hot work die steel.
There are two standards for 5CrNiMo steel in China: GB/T 24594-2009 (high quality alloy die steel) and GB/T 1299-2014 (die steel).

▶ 5CrNiMo’s Equivalent Materials in Different Standards
Standard GB AISI JIS W-Nr
Grades 5CrNiMo L6 SKT4 1.2713 1.2714
C 0.50
0.60 0.65
0.75 0.50
0.60 0.50
0.60 0.50
0.60
Si ≤0.40 0.10
0.50 0.10
0.40 0.10
0.40 0.10
0.40
Mn 0.50
0.80 0.25
0.80[SCALE STEEL] 0.60
0.90 0.65
0.95 0.60
0.90
P ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.020 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
Cr 0.50
0.80 0.60
1.20 0.80
1.20 0.60
0.80 0.80
1.20
Ni 1.40
1.80 1.25
2.00 1.50
1.80 1.50
1.80 1.50
1.80
Mo 0.15
0.30 ≤0.50 0.35
0.55 0.25
0.35 0.35
0.55
V (≤0.20) —[SCALE STEEL] 0.05
0.15 0.07
0.12 0.05
0.15

▶ Popular Brands for 5CrNiMo
DAIDO HITACHI KOSHUHA ASSAB BÖHLER
GFA DM KTV ALVAR  14 W500

▶ 5CrNiMo’s Hardness
The annealing (or normalizing) hardness of 5CrNiMo is in the range of HBW 197~241, and it can be pre-hardened to HRC 38~43 for delivery, [SCALE STEEL]and its quenching hardness can reach HRC 53~58.

​Spring steel refers to steel specially used to manufacture springs and elastic elements because of its elasticity under quenching and tempering [SCALE STEEL]conditions.The elasticity of a steel depends on its ability to elastically deform, that is, to withstand a certain load within a specified range without permanent deformation after the load is removed.
65Mn is a typical spring steel with high strength, high hardenability, low decarburization tendency, but it is sensitive to overheating, easy to produce [SCALE STEEL]quenching cracks and temper brittleness.Its cutting performance is also good, in the annealing state, the relative machinability of 70%.
As low manganese spring steel (GB/T 1222), 65Mn is used for manufacturing large flat spring, cushion spring, spring spring, also suitable for manufacturing [SCALE STEEL]spring ring, valve spring, clutch spring, brake spring cold drawn wire (≤7mm), cold coil spring, etc.
High elastic limit, yield strength and fatigue strength, and high hardenability, good cutting characteristics, also makes 65Mn become the main material for[SCALE STEEL] manufacturing diamond circular saw blade.
In addition to the use of spring, 65Mn is another identity of carbon structural steel (GB/T 699), used in the field of machine processing, is a typical [SCALE STEEL]material of cold work die steel, among which round steel is the most widely used field.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION(%)
STANDARDS GB/T  1222 ASTM  A689
GRADES 65Mn 1566
C 0.62~0.70 0.60~0.71
Si 0.17~0.37 --
Mn 0.90~1.20 0.85~1.15
P ≤0.035[SCALE STEEL] ≤0.040
S ≤0.035 ≤0.050
Cr ≤0.25 --
Ni ≤0.25 --
Cu ≤0.25 --

MECHANICAL PROPERTY（GB/T 1222-2007）
SAMPLE SIZE（mm） 10
HEAT TREATMENT QUENCHING TEM 830℃
QUENCHING MEDIUM MEDIA OIL
TEMPERING TEM 540℃
MECHANICAL PROPERTY TENSILE STRENGTH MPa[SCALE STEEL] ≥980
YIELD STRENGTH MPa ≥785
ELONGATION % ≥8
REDUCTION OF AREA % ≥30
HBW HOT ROLLED ≤302
COLD BEND + HEAT TREATMENT ≤321

38CrMoAl is an alloy structural steel characterized by high aluminum composition, which is generally used after quenching and nitriding.After nitriding, 38CrMoAl has high surface hardness, wear resistance and fatigue strength, and has [SCALE STEEL]good heat resistance and corrosion.
The characteristic of 38CrMoAl nitriding is that the speed is fast and the depth of nitriding layer can be obtained. However, the brittleness of the nitriding layer is relatively large, so it is not suitable for making parts that bear great impact.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION(%)
STANDARD GB/T 3077 SAE 6470 JIS G4053 DIN EN 10085
GRADE 38CrMoAl 135 Mod
UNS K24065 SACM645
（SACM1） 1.8509
41CrAlMo7-10
C 0.35~0.42 0.38~0.43 0.40~0.50 0.38~0.45
Si 0.20~0.45 0.20~0.40 0.15~0.50 ≤0.40
Mn 0.30~0.60 0.50~0.80[SCALE STEEL] ≤0.60 0.40~0.70
P ≤0.035 ≤0.025 ≤0.030 ≤0.025
S ≤0.035 ≤0.025 ≤0.030 ≤0.035
Cr 1.35~1.65 1.40~1.80 1.30~1.70 1.50~1.80
Mo 0.15~0.25 0.30~0.40 0.15~0.35 0.20~0.35
Al 0.70~1.10 0.95~1.30 0.70~1.20 0.80~1.20

HEAT TREATMENT
TYPES TEM ℃ COOLING HRC
ANNEALING 840~870 FURNACE COOLING ≤229HB
NORMALIZING 930~970 AIR COOLING --
QUENCHING 940 OIL ＞56
TEMPERING 150~200 WATER OR OIL[SCALE STEEL] 51~56
300~400 WATER OR OIL 45~51
500~550 WATER OR OIL 35~39
600~650 WATER OR OIL 28~31

TRIDING TREATMENT
The process flow of nitriding parts is generally: forging → normalizing (annealing) → rough machining → tempering and tempering → finishing [SCALE STEEL]machining → de-stress → fine grinding → nitriding → fine grinding → assembly.
The purpose of 38CrMoAl nitriding treatment is mainly for wear resistance.After nitriding, its hardness is as high as HV800, the hardened layer [SCALE STEEL]can reach 0.30mm ~ 0.5mm.

APPLICATION
38CrMoAl is mainly used in the manufacture of parts with precise size, requiring high wear resistance and fatigue strength, and not subjected to large impact load, such as cylinder liner, bottom sleeve, gear, bolts, shaft and rotor, etc.
In addition, because Al and Cr elements can form a dense passivation film on the surface of steel, so 38CrMoAl is also a kind of seawater [SCALE STEEL]corrosion resistant steel.Its seamless steel pipe is the most ideal pipeline and processing material for transporting water, oil and gas and seawater containing medium in coastal power plants, coastal oil fields, coastal natural gas and petrochemical plants.

6Cr4W3Mo2VNb steel, namely 65Nb steel, is a common matrix steel, which is jointly developed by Huazhong Institute of Technology [SCALE STEEL]and Daye Steel Plant.65Nb steel is made of high speed steel W6Mo5Cr4V2 with composition adjustment and a small amount of Nb added.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION（%）（GB/T 1299-2014）
C 0.60~0.70 Cr 3.80~4.40
Si ≤0.40 W 2.50~3.50
Mn ≤0.40 Mo 1.80~2.50
P ≤0.030 V 0.80~1.20
S ≤0.030 Nb 0.20~0.35

HEAT TREATMENTS
① Isothermal Annealing
Annealing process of 65NB steel: heating at 860±10℃, holding for 3~4h;The furnace was cooled to 740±10℃ and held for 5~6h.The furnace is cooled to below 500℃ and the furnace is cooled.After annealing, the hardness is less [SCALE STEEL]than 241Hbs, and the structure is spherical pearlite.The hardenability of steel is higher, Ø 50 mm sample in air hardening, Ø 80 mm can be hardening in the oil.
② Quenching Specification 
SCHEMES I II III
REQUESTS GOOD TOUGHNESS GOOD WEAR RESISTANCE NORMAL
PRE-HEATING TEM℃ 840 840 840
QUENCHING TEM℃ 1080~
1120 1180~
1190 1120~
1160
COOLING METHODS OIL COOLING TO 20~60℃，
OR 150~200℃ AND THEN AIR COOLING
HRC ≥61 ≥61 ≥61

③Tempering Specification：Tempered Tem540~580℃，Twice，1~2h per Time，Harness≥56HRC。

Temperature’s Relationship with Hardness(Tempering)
Quenching Tem→ 1080℃ 1120℃ 1160℃
Tempering Tem↓ HardnessHRC↓
200℃ 61.3 61.4 61.5
300℃ 58.0 58.5 59.0
400℃ 58.0 59.0 59.5
450℃ 59.4 59.9 60.3
500℃ 60.1 61.4 61.8
520℃ 60.1 62.3 62.6
540℃ 60.2 62.2 62.5
560℃ 58.5 60.4 61.5
580℃ 58.3 60.3 60.5
600℃ 55.5 57.0 58.5

④ Surface Strengthening (Nitriding)
In order to further improve the wear resistance, the 65NB steel mold can be treated with gas soft nitriding or ion nitriding surface strengthening treatment.
Gas soft nitride can be at 520~530℃, [SCALE STEEL]2.5~3.5h, using methanol and ammonia (methanol and ammonia ratio is 1:1).
Ion nitriding can be done at 500~540℃, with ammonia as nitriding medium, and the time is 30~60min.

CHARACTERISTICS
The basic composition of 65NB steel is similar to that of HSS, and the compressive yield strength is slightly lower than that of HSS, but the bending strength, especially the toughness, is much higher than that of HSS.Because there is no excess carbide and niobium is added into the steel, it plays the role of refining grain.Therefore, [SCALE STEEL]it has high toughness and fatigue strength.Compared with the steel without niobium, the bending strength, impact toughness and fracture toughness are increased by 25%, more than doubled and 20% respectively.

APPLICATIONS
65 nb is a strong combination of steel grade, suitable for making complicated shape, large impact load or cold work mould size is larger, often used to replace T10, Cr12MoV, W6Mo5Cr4V2 make Allen for the multi-station cold heading [SCALE STEEL]machine, punch, philips light punch, bolt trimming die, cold heading bolt top die, steel plate spring punch punch, bolt pressure Angle of intensive, flat round head die, ring cold die, etc.

"Super martensitic stainless steel" improvements of martensite stainless steel smelting process, reduce the carbon content, increase the nickel molybdenum alloy elements, performance is superior to the conventional martensitic stainless steel, not only has good corrosion resistance, weldability, and have the characteristics of [SCALE STEEL]high strength and low temperature toughness good, in hydropower, mining equipment, chemical equipment, food industry, transportation, and high temperature pulp production equipment in areas such as highly potential applications.
S-135 (00Cr13Ni5Mo), namely 04Cr13Ni5Mo, is an ultra-low carbon martensitic stainless steel developed on the basis of CA-6nm cast steel, [SCALE STEEL]which is a typical type of super martensitic stainless steel.

 STANDARDS
CHINA TISCO 00Cr13Ni5Mo
S-135
GB/T 20878-2007
GB/T 3280-2015
GB/T 4237-2015 04Cr13Ni5Mo
S41595
JB/T 7349-2002 ZG06Cr13Ni5Mo
USA ASTM A182-10a F6NM，S41500
JAPAN JIS G 3214:2009 SUS F6NM
JIS G 5121:2003 SCS6
GEMANY DIN EN 10088-2:2005 X3CrNiMo13-4
1.4313

 CHEMICAL COMPOSITIOIN（%）
GRADE S-135 04Cr13Ni5Mo
F6NM,SUSF6NM 1.4313
C ≤0.03 ≤0.05 ≤0.05
Si ≤0.60 ≤0.60 ≤0.70
Mn ≤0.80 0.50~1.00 ≤1.50
P ≤0.035 ≤0.030 ≤0.040
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.015
Cr 13.0~14.0 11.5~14.0 12.0~14.0
Ni 4.0~6.0 3.5~5.5 3.5~4.5
Mo 0.5~1.0 0.5~1.0 0.3~0.7
N -- -- ≥0.02

CHARACTERISTICS
S-135 steel abandoned the strengthening [SCALE STEEL]means of high carbon martensite and forming carbides, and took the formation of low carbon martensite with high toughness and the addition and strengthening of nickel and molybdenum alloy elements as the main strengthening means.Through proper heat treatment, it has the composite structure of low carbon lamellar martensite and reversed austenite, so that it not only retains the high strength level, but also has good toughness and weldability.In [SCALE STEEL]addition, the steel also has excellent erosion resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, can meet the water conservancy project flow parts to bear sediment erosion requirements for a long time.

APPLICATIONS
S-135 steel is mainly used for high strength load-bearing parts that need to be welded.The most common is as a hydroelectric steel, used for the manufacture of water turbine equipment abrasion resistance runner and runner lower ring;In the petroleum industry, used as CO2, H2S corrosion resistance and on-site welding [SCALE STEEL]pipeline;In the nuclear industry, it is used in PWR 2, 3 stage auxiliary pump drive shaft and control rod drive mechanism.

​The Martensite represents steel. It is a ruggediable stainless steel with good corrosion resistance and high mechanical strength through different heat [SCALE STEEL]treatments.
 
Standards:
CHINA GB/T 20878-2007 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb
（0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb）
S51740
AMERICA ASTM A564-2009 630，S17400
AK Steel 17-4 PH®[SCALE STEEL]
JAPAN JIS G4303：2005 SUS 630
GERMANY DIN EN 10088-3：2014 X5CrNiCuNb16-4，1.4542
 
Chemical Composition(%):
GRADE S51740 630 SUS630 1.4542
C ≤0.07 ≤0.07 ≤0.07 ≤0.07
Si ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤0.70
Mn ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.50
P ≤0.040 ≤0.040 ≤0.040 ≤0.040
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030[SCALE STEEL] ≤0.030 ≤0.030
Cr 15.0~17.5 15.0~17.5 15.0~17.5 15.0~17.0
Ni 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00
Cu 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00 3.00~5.00
Nb 0.15~0.45 Nb+Ta：
0.15~0.45 0.15~0.45 5×C~0.45
Mo -- -- -- ≤0.60

Heat Treatment:(GB/T 1220-2007)
HEAT TREATMENT RP0.2
(MPa) Rm
(MPa) A(%) Z(%) HARDNESS
HBW HRC
SOLID SOLUTION -- -- -- -- ≤363 ≤38
PRECIPITATION HARDENING 480℃
AGING 1180 1310 10 40 ≥375 ≥40
550℃
AGING[SCALE STEEL] 1000 1070 12 45 ≥331 ≥35
580℃
AGING 865 1000 13 45 ≥302 ≥31
620℃
AGING 725 930 16 50 ≥277 ≥28
Note: The classification of heat treatment system in American standard is more detailed: H900, H925, H1025, H1075, H1100, H1150, [SCALE STEEL]H1150M, and H1150D. The four blue characters correspond to the four seasons in the above table respectively.

Characteristics
(1) Good cold, hot processing, welding and casting properties.
(2) Mechanical properties can be improved through heat treatment, tensile strength up to 1100~1300MPa.
(3) Corrosion resistance is better than 400 series stainless steel;In most environments, corrosion resistance is comparable to 304;In [SCALE STEEL]petrochemical industry, food industry, paper industry and other industries, corrosion resistance is the same as 304L grade;In the Marine environment, the 630 is easy to be corroded by seawater and is only suitable for offshore platform.
(4)At a temperature up to 316 C, the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties remain good.

Applications
630 stainless steel is suitable for medium corrosion resistance or super high strength applications, such as: aerospace industrial [SCALE STEEL]parts, nuclear industrial equipment, food processing equipment, chemical processing equipment, petroleum refining equipment, mold parts, etc.

​W6Mo5Cr4V2 also could be abbreviated as "6542" or "W6", is the representative grade of tungsten and molybdenum high-speed steel. In [SCALE STEEL]ASTM standard this material is called ‘M2’.

Standards:
CHINA GB/T 9943-2008 W6Mo5Cr4V2
T66541
AMERICA ASTM A600-2010 M2
JAPAN JIS G 4403:2006 SKH51
GERMANY EN ISO 4957:1999 HS6-5-2C，1.3343

Chemical Composition(%)
GRADE T66541 M2 SKH51 1.3343
C 0.80~0.90 0.78~0.88 0.80~0.88 0.86~0.94
Si 0.20~0.45 0.20~0.45[SCALE STEEL] ≤0.45 ≤0.45
Mn 0.15~0.45 0.15~0.40 ≤0.40 ≤0.80
P ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 --
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 --
W 5.50~6.75 5.50~6.75 5.90~6.70 5.90~6.70
Mo 4.50~5.50 4.50~5.50 4.70~5.20 4.70~5.20
Cr 3.80~4.40 3.75~4.50 3.80~4.50 3.80~4.50
V 1.75~2.20 1.75~2.20 1.70~2.10 1.70~2.10

Heat Treatment(B/T 9943-2008）
HBW(Annealing) ≤255
Preheating Tem（℃） 800~900
Quenched Tem（℃） Salt Bath Furnace 1200~1220
Batch-Type Furnace 1210~1230
Quenched Medium[SCALE STEEL] 油或盐浴
Tempered Tem（℃） 540~560
HRC ≥64

Material Characteristics
6542 steel is characterized by high hardness, wear resistance and thermal hardness (also known as red hardness), when the cutting temperature is as high as 500~600℃, the hardness has not decreased significantly, it can be cut at a higher [SCALE STEEL]speed than low alloy steel.The disadvantage is that it is easy to oxidize and decarbonize.
Applications
6542 steel is mainly used to manufacture various cutting tools with high cutting speed, heavy load and high working temperature, such as[SCALE STEEL] turning tool, milling cutter, hob, planer tool, broach, drill bit, tap, etc. It can also be used to manufacture cold and hot deformation molds, high temperature springs, high temperature bearings and so on, which require high wear resistance.

​HTCS-130 is one kind of hot stamping die steel with high thermal conductivity introduced by Rovalma of Spain.

Hot Stamping Forming
The automobile high-strength steel plate is heated to the austenite temperature range, quickly moved to the mold to accept the rapid stamping, [SCALE STEEL]under the pressure holding state of the press, through the mold built-in cooling channel, rapid quenching cooling, and finally get the 1500MPa class ultra-high strength stamping parts.

Hot Stamping Die Steel
The complex working condition of hot stamping requires that the die material has high hardness, thermal conductivity, thermal strength, impact toughness, thermal stability and resistance to cold and hot fatigue.The thermal conductivity is the [SCALE STEEL]key physical property of hot stamping die steel and has a decisive influence on the production efficiency.
Usually the mold made of H13 steel with low thermal conductivity can only produce 2~3 stamping parts per minute, while the mold made [SCALE STEEL]of high thermal conductivity mold steel can produce 6~7 stamping parts per minute.

Chemical Composition for  HTCS-130(%):
C 0.31 Mo 3.1 W 1.95
Si 0.17 Cr 0.08 V 0.02
Mn 0.16 P 0.005 S 0.002

 Hardness for HTCS-130:
HTCS-130 shall be delivered in annealing state, hardness ≤250HB, service hardness range: 34~52HRC.

High Thermal Conductivity of HTCS-130
HTCS-130 has an extremely high thermal conductivity of 60W/(m·K) at room temperature, almost twice that of H13 steel.The advantage of [SCALE STEEL]high thermal conductivity is that it can take away heat quickly, which is conducive to the quick quenching of the workpiece. Meanwhile, the fast cooling speed is conducive to reducing the adhesion phenomenon caused by the contact between the mold and the workpiece.

Performance Purposes for HTCS-130
Htcs-130 is a kind of high performance hot steel, high thermal conductivity, high toughness, high thermal stability, good wear resistance, good [SCALE STEEL]mechanical performance, excellent polishing performance, often used in the manufacture of plastic injection molding, die casting or casting molding, as well as hot stamping forming molds that need high thermal conductivity.

31CrMoV9 steel is one kind of nitriding structural steel named by European standard; [SCALE STEEL]In GB standard the name is 31Cr3MoV.

Standards:
CHINA GB/T 37618-2019 31Cr3MoV，A31311
GERMANY DIN EN 10085:2001
(DIN 17211:1987) 31CrMoV9，1.8519
ISO ISO 683-5:2017 31CrMoV9[SCALE STEEL]

 Chemical Composition(%)
GRADE 31Cr3MoV 31CrMoV9
C 0.27~0.34 0.27~0.34
Si 0.17~0.37 ≤0.040
Mn 0.40~0.70 0.40~0.70
P ≤0.030 ≤0.025
S ≤0.030 ≤0.035
Cr 2.30~2.70 2.30~2.70
Mo 0.15~0.25 0.15~0.25
V 0.10~0.20 0.10~0.20
Ni ≤0.030 --
Cu ≤0.030 --

Property& Characteristics for 31CrMoV9，1.8519 Nitrided Steel:
(1) Good toughness;
(2) High performance in hardenability, when selecting the appropriate heat treatment process,  the diameter could be up to 70mm under[SCALE STEEL] completely quenching;
(3) After the surface nitriding, the hardness can reach 1000HV, with excellent wear resistance, as well as good anti-bite, anti-scratch ability.

Applications
31CrMoV9 after "conditioning + nitriding" service and is suitable for the need of high tensile strength and good toughness of medium-sized and large cross section component, generally do not carry heavy load, often used in the [SCALE STEEL]manufacture of the gear and the engine structure of components, such as hydraulic piston, piston rod, connecting shaft, connecting rod, steering knuckle, inner gear ring, screws and bolts, etc.