​34CrNiMo6 is German standard low alloy high strength[SCALE STEEL] steel, German projects are more used, the same steel number in China is 34Cr2Ni2Mo.

Standard:
CHINA GB/T 3077-2015
GB/T 34484.2-2018
GB/T 17107-1997
JB/T 6396-2006 34Cr2Ni2Mo
GERMANY DIN EN 10083-3:2007[SCALE STEEL]
DIN 17200:1987 34CrNiMo6
1.6582

Chemical Composition(%)
MATERIAL 34Cr2Ni2Mo 34CrNiMo6
C 0.30~0.38 0.30~0.38
Si 0.17~0.37 ≤0.40
Mn 0.50~0.80 0.50~0.80
P ≤0.030[SCALE STEEL] ≤0.025
S ≤0.030 ≤0.035
Cr 1.30~1.70 1.30~1.70
Ni 1.30~1.70 1.30~1.70
Mo 0.15~0.30 0.15~0.30

 Mechanical Property（GB/T 3077-2015）
Sample Size（mm） Ø25
Heat Treatment（℃） Quenched(Oil Cooling) 850
Tempered(Water,Oil Cooling) 540
Mechanical Property TSMPa[SCALE STEEL] ≥1080
YSMPa ≥930
A% ≥10
Z% ≥50
AKU2/J ≥71
HardnessHBW Annealed or Tempered in High Temperature ≤269

Performance Purpose:
34CrNiMo6 is similar to 42CrMo in performance and has high strength and good toughness. It is used to manufacture important structural [SCALE STEEL]parts for high load work, such as wind turbine spindles, high-speed train axles, torsion shafts of armored vehicles, crankshafts and connecting rods for heavy diesel engines, and gears for other heavy duty parts.

20Cr1Mo1VNbTiB China's self-developed low alloy high strength steel, also [SCALE STEEL]known as Zhengqi No.1 steel.

Relevant Standards:
GB/T 20410-2006 "high temperature bolts for turbine steel"
DL/T 439-2018 "Technical guidelines for high-temperature fasteners in thermal power plants"
DL/T 715-2015 "Guidelines for Selection [SCALE STEEL]of Metal Materials in Thermal Power Plants"

Chemical Composition（%）（GB/T 20410-2006）
C 0.17~0.23 Cr 0.90~1.30
Si 0.40~0.60 Mo 0.75~1.00
Mn 0.40~0.65 V 0.50~0.70
P ≤0.025 Nb 0.11~0.22
S ≤0.025 Ti 0.05~0.14
Ni ≤0.30[SCALE STEEL] B 0.001~0.004
Cu ≤0.25

Heat Treatment:
1020~1040℃ Oil Cooling，700~720℃ Tempering for 6h and then air cooling.

Mechanical Property（GB/T 20410-2006）
Sample Size（mm） Ø25
Heat Treatment Quenched（Oil,Water Cooling/℃ 1020~1040
Tempered（Air Cooling）/℃ 690~730
Mechanical Property TS Rm/MPa[SCALE STEEL] ≥785
YS Rp0.2/MPa ≥670
A/% ≥14
Z/% ≥50
AKU2/J ≥39
Hardness HBW 10/3000 255~305

  Property:
1.Good high temperature performance, high durable strength and plasticity, good anti-relaxation performance, small thermal brittle tendency, low notch sensitivity.
2.Heat treatment is more [SCALE STEEL]sensitive, such as improper thermal processing control, easy to appear naked eye coarse grain, so there are strict grain size acceptance standards for different design grades.
The highest operating temperature is 570℃.

Application:
20Cr1Mo1VNbTiB bainite [SCALE STEEL]heat resistant steel has excellent comprehensive properties and is mainly used as high temperature bolts in thermal power plants below 570℃. It is widely used in large and medium-sized units in thermal power plants.

​SCM440 is a kind of steel commonly used in the production of high strength fasteners. The product has the advantages of stable composition, low harmful elements, high purity of steel, small decarburization layer, [SCALE STEEL]few surface defects and so on. It is easy to make spidizing annealing, low cold heading cracking rate, stable heat treatment quality and uniform hardness, and is widely used in engine, mold and other industries.
Material Name: Alloy Structural Steel
Brand number: SCM440(Japanese brand, see standard JIS G4053-2008
 
Application:
It belongs to medium hardenability steel. After heat treatment, it has good strength, good comprehensive [SCALE STEEL]mechanical properties, good technability and high yield of finished products.The highest operating temperature is 427℃.Can be used as steam turbine fasteners.
Characteristics and application
1.Good quenching [SCALE STEEL]property, can be deep quenching, rather than the market anti-saw lock surface quenching
2.Less tendency to temper brittleness
3.Good high temperature processing, beautiful after processing
4.Good welding
5.The absorption performance of the impact is good, the hammer hit it will have a sense of rebound, unable to carry out violent destruction advantages:
(1) Good processability
(2). Good shock [SCALE STEEL]absorption performance
(3). Welding is easy
Chemical Composition
C: 0.38 to 0.43
Si: 0.15 to 0.35
Mn: 0.60 to 0.85
P: 0.03 or less
S: 0.03 or less
Cu: 0.30 or less
Ni: 0.25 or less
Cr: 0.90 to 1.20
Mo: 0.15 to 0.30
Ni: 0.25 or less
Cu: 0.30 or less
 
Mechanical Properties of SCM440:
Tensile strength [SCALE STEEL]σb (MPa) : ≥1080(110) Yield strength σs (MPa) : ≥930(95)
Elongation Δ5 (%) : ≥12
Section shrinkage ψ(%) : ≥45
Impact work AKV (J) : ≥63
Impact toughness value α kV (J/ Cm&SUP 2;)A: 78 (8) or
Hardness: 217 HB or less
 

SCM420 alloy structure steel has high hardenability, no tempering brittleness, good weldability, little tendency to form cold[SCALE STEEL] crack, good machinability and cold strain plasticity.
 
Corresponding to Domestic Grade Name: 20CrMo
Corresponding to Germany Grade Name: 25 crmo4 (1.7218)
Executive Standard:[SCALE STEEL] JIS G4053-2003
Features and Scope of Application:
SCM420 is generally used under the condition of quenching and tempering or carburizing. It is used to manufacture high-pressure pipes and various fasteners and advanced carburizing parts, such as gears and shafts, which work in non-corrosive media and medium with nitrogen and hydrogen mixture at [SCALE STEEL]working temperature below 250℃.
SCM420 Alloy Structural Steel
Chemical Composition (unit %) :
C: 0.18 ~ 0.23
Si: 0.15 ~ 0.35
Mn: 0.60 ~ 0.90
S: allowable residual content ≤0.030
P: allowable residual content ≤0.030
Cr: 0.90 ~ 1.20
Ni: allowable residual content ≤0.25
Cu: allowable residual content ≤0.30
Mo: 0.15 ~ 0.25
Mechanical Properties (Tempering and Tempering State) :
Tensile Strength σb (MPa) : ≥885(90)
Yield Strength σs (MPa) : ≥685(70)
Elongation Δ5 (%) : ≥12
Section [SCALE STEEL]Shrinkage ψ(%) : ≥50
Impact Work AKV (J) : ≥78
Impact Toughness Value α kV (J/ Cm&SUP 2;)A: 98 (10) or
Hardness: 197 hb or less
 
Heat Treatment Specification and Metallographic Structure:
Heat Treatment [SCALE STEEL]Specification: Quenching 880℃, water cooling, oil cooling;Tempering 500℃, water cooling, oil cooling.
Delivery Status: Delivered under heat treatment (normalizing, annealing or high temperature tempering) or without heat treatment. The delivery status shall be specified in the contract.

​40CrNi2Mo, also known as 4340 steel, is a kind of low alloy ultra-high strength steel.Only steels with tensile strength greater than [SCALE STEEL]1400MPa and yield strength greater than 1200MPa at room temperature are termed "ultra-high strength steels".4340 steel is a typical ultra high strength steel, which is obtained by heat treatment.

Standards:
CHINA GB/T 3077-2015 40CrNi2Mo，A50400
GB/T 34484.2-2018 40CrNi2Mo
GB/T 38809-2020 40CrNi2MoA
GB/T 5216-2014 40CrNi2MoH
USA ASTM A29-2005[SCALE STEEL]
ASTM A322-2007 4340，G43400
JAPAN JIS G4053-2003 SNCM439
GERMANY DIN EN 10263-4:2002 41NiCrMo7-3-2，1.6563

Chemical Composition(%):
Grade A50400 4340 SNCM439 1.6563
C 0.38~0.43 0.38~0.43 0.36~0.43 0.38~0.44
Si 0.17~0.37 0.15~0.35 0.15~0.35 ≤0.30
Mn 0.60~0.80 0.60~0.80 0.60~0.90 0.60~0.90
P ≤0.030 ≤0.035 ≤0.030 ≤0.025
S ≤0.030 ≤0.040 ≤0.030 ≤0.025
Cr 0.70~0.90[SCALE STEEL] 0.70~0.90 0.60~1.00 0.70~0.90
Ni 1.65~2.00 1.65~2.00 1.60~2.00 1.65~2.00
Mo 0.20~0.30 0.20~0.30 0.15~0.30 0.15~0.30
Cu ≤0.30 ≤0.35 ≤0.30 ≤0.25

Mechanical Property:  
QUENCHED FIRST TIME NORMALIZED AT 890℃，OIL QUENCHING
SECOND TIME 850℃，OIL QUENCHING
TEMPERED(AIR COOLING) 560~580℃ 220℃ TWICE OIL QUENCHING
TENSILE STRENGTH MPa ≥1050 ≥1790
YIELD STRENGTH MPa ≥980 ≥1500
ELONGATION % ≥12 ≥6
REDUCTION OF AREA %[SCALE STEEL] ≥45 ≥25
IMPACT TESTJ ≥48 --
TEMPERED HARDNESS ≤269HBW

Performance Applications:
4340 steel after heat treatment, not only obtain ultra-high strength, but also have good plastic toughness, excellent fatigue performance, fracture toughness and stress corrosion resistance, good comprehensive mechanical [SCALE STEEL]properties, so that it is often used in the industry as a tempering steel to manufacture bearings, gears and crankshafts, and in the aircraft structure has been widely used.Such as aircraft landing gear, helicopter rotor shaft and turbojet turbine shaft and other moving parts.

​9Cr18Mo, also known as the American standard 440C martensitic stainless steel, is added to Mo on the basis of 9Cr18 steel, steel composition [SCALE STEEL]is characterized by high carbon and high chromium.

  Standards:
CHINA GB/T 1220-1992 9Cr18Mo
GB/T 1220-2007 102Cr17Mo，S45990
USA ASTM A276-2006 440C，S44004
JAPAN JIS G4303:2005[SCALE STEEL] SUS 440C
GERMANY DIN EN 10088-1:2005 X105CrMo17，1.4125

  Chemical Composition(%):
GRADE 9Cr18Mo 440C SUS 440C 1.4125
C 0.95~1.10 0.95~1.20 0.95~1.20 0.95~1.20
Si ≤0.80 ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00
Mn ≤0.80 ≤1.00 ≤1.00 ≤1.00
P ≤0.035 ≤0.040 ≤0.040 ≤0.040
S ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030 ≤0.030
Cr 16.0~18.0 16.0~18.0 16.0~18.0 16.0~18.0
Ni （≤0.60）[SCALE STEEL] -- （≤0.60） --
Mo 0.40~0.70 ≤0.75 (≤0.75) 0.40~0.80

 Heat Treatment:
➣ Annealing: Heating to 850~870℃, holding 4~6h, 30℃/h cooling to 600℃, air cooling, hardness ≤255HBS;
➣ recrystallization annealing: heating to 730~750℃, air cooling;
➣ Quenching: Heating to 1050~1100℃, oil cooling;
➣ Tempering: Heating to 150~160℃, [SCALE STEEL]holding for 2~5h, air cooling, hardness ≥58HRC.

Performance Characteristics
The quenching has high hardness and high wear resistance;
② It has excellent corrosion resistance in the atmosphere, water and some acid and salt aqueous solutions;
(3) Good high temperature [SCALE STEEL]dimensional stability, the use of temperature does not exceed 250℃;
(4) tempering: heating to 150~160℃, heat preservation 2~5h, air cooling, hardness ≥58HRC.

Applications:
9Cr18Mo is suitable for the manufacture of bearings, bushings, and other parts or die parts that are both wear-resistant and [SCALE STEEL]corrosion-resistant in corrosive environment and non-lubricating strong oxidation atmosphere.

Pure copper appearance is purplish red, commonly known as "red copper", "red copper" or "red copper".Pure copper conducts electricity very well, [SCALE STEEL]ranking second only to silver among all metals, so it is used very widely in industry.T2 is a typical grade of pure copper, usually referring to red copper, or T2 unless otherwise specified.

STANDARDS:
CHINA GB/T 5231-2012
GB/T 2529-2012 T2，T11050
USA ASTM B187-2006 C11000
JAPAN JIS H3100:2006
JIS H3140:2006[SCALE STEEL]
JIS H3250:2006 C1100
GERMANY DIN 1787:1973 E-Cu58，2.0065
DIN CEN/TS 13388:2008 Cu-ETP，CW004A

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION(%):
GRADE T2 C11000 C1100 CW004A
Cu ≥99.90 ≥99.90 ≥99.90 ≥99.90
Ag -- ≤0.03
Bi ≤0.001 -- -- ≤0.0005
Sb ≤0.002 -- -- --
As ≤0.002 -- -- --
Fe ≤0.005 -- -- --
Pb ≤0.005[SCALE STEEL] -- -- ≤0.005
S ≤0.005 -- -- --
O -- -- -- ≤0.040

 PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, good ductility, deep drawing performance, corrosion resistance and atmospheric corrosion performance, can be welded and brazed.
2. Trace amount of oxygen is easy [SCALE STEEL]to cause "hydrogen embrittlement", not suitable for processing and use in high temperature (such as BBB 0 370℃) reducing atmosphere.

APPLICATIONS:
T2 has the advantages of electric conduction and heat conduction of pure copper, and is widely used, such as wire and cable, sealing [SCALE STEEL]gasket, hardware, mold electrode, etc.