Introduction for Electroslag Steel- SCALE STEEL.

Electroslag (melting casting) is a kind of secondary refining technology, which is a comprehensive metallurgical casting process combining secondary refining of molten steel with directional solidification.The principle is that the current [SCALE STEEL]passes through the liquid slag pool slag heat resistance, the metal electrode melts, the molten metal collects into the molten drop, drops through the slag layer into the metal molten pool, and then crystallizes in the water-cooled crystallizer to solidify into ingots.
 
Technology Development:
ESR is the refining process of casting or forging steel smelted in open - hearth furnace, converter, arc furnace or induction furnace into electrodes for secondary remelting by slag resistance heat.The principle of this refining method was first proposed by R.K.Hopkins in the 1940s.Then the Soviet Union and the United States [SCALE STEEL]established electroslag furnaces for industrial production.In the mid-1960s, electroslag remelting developed rapidly in The Soviet Union, Western Europe and the United States due to the development of aviation, aerospace, electronics, atomic energy and other industries.The products include: high quality alloy steel, high temperature alloy, precision alloy, corrosion resistant alloy and aluminum, copper, titanium, silver and other non-ferrous metal alloys.In 1980, the world's production capacity of electroslag remelting steel exceeded 1.2 million tons.
 
Working Process:
Molten slag is contained in a copper water-cooled crystallizer and one end of the consumable electrode is inserted into the slag.Consumable electrode, slag pool, metal melting pool, steel ingot and bottom water tank form circuit through short wire and transformer.In the process of electrification, joule heat is released from the slag pool, and the consumable extreme end is gradually melted, and the molten metal is gathered into droplets, which pass through the slag pool and fall into the crystallizer, forming a [SCALE STEEL]metal melting pool, which is cooled by water and quickly solidified into ingots.During the droplet formation stage at the end of the electrode and the droplet dropping through the slag pool, the steel and slag are in full contact, and the non-metallic inclusion in the steel is absorbed by the slag.The harmful elements (sulfur, lead, antimony, bismuth, tin) in steel can be effectively removed by steel-slag reaction and high-temperature gasification.The reoxidation of liquid metal is basically avoided under the cover of slag pool.Because it is melted, refined and [SCALE STEEL]solidified in a copper water-cooled crystallizer, the pollution of steel by refractory materials is eliminated.Before the ingot solidifies, there are metal melting pool and slag pool on the upper end of the ingot, which play the role of heat preservation and retraction to ensure the densification of the ingot.The rising slag pool forms a thin slag shell on the inner wall of the mold, which not only makes the surface of the ingot smooth, but also acts as insulation and heat insulation, so that more heat is transferred to the lower part, which is conducive to the directional crystallization of the ingot from the bottom up.Because of the above reasons, the quality and performance of the steel ingots produced by electroslag remelting are improved, the plasticity and impact toughness of alloy steel are enhanced at low temperature, room temperature [SCALE STEEL]and high temperature, and the service life of steel is prolonged.